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Il fiore tra le spine

Mese: Novembre 2017

La torba è davvero un killer di cactus? Miti e conferme sui materiali di coltivazione

Ci metto il lapillo o solo la pomice? La torba è davvero un demonio ammazza-cactus, così come si sente dire in giro? Ma allora com’è che i vivaisti coltivano in torba quasi al 100% e non passano le giornate a contare i morti in serra? E’ un campo (e il termine ci sta tutto) sterminato, quello dei materiali e degli elementi che possono finire in una composta per cactus e piante grasse.

Un campo sterminato in primo luogo perché le variabili sono infinite e vanno dai regimi di coltivazione, ai fattori ambientali, alla latitudine, fino alla tipologia di pianta (ci sono differenze tra le esigenze, in termini di substrato, tra una caudiciforme e un cactus, per esempio). Poi perché gli stessi elementi, si pensi alla terra di campo, possono variare immensamente tra loro. Ad esempio in base alla zona di “prelievo”: chiaro che la terra della Pianura Padana non può avere le stesse caratteristiche chimiche di quella di una certa zona della Bolivia, per dirne una.

Sicché, come ci si orienta tra i tanti elementi e materiali che possiamo reperire – alcuni facilmente, altri meno – per poi miscelarli e realizzare una buona composta? Una prima risposta, banale finché vogliamo ma sempre sensata, è l’esperienza. L’osservazione diretta. La sperimentazione, insomma. Un’altra risposta banale e forse proprio per questo spesso lasciata cadere nel vuoto è la conoscenza. Conoscenza delle proprietà dei singoli “ingredienti” che vanno a creare il substrato e conoscenza delle esigenze della singola pianta.

Ecco allora, nell’articolo che segue, una panoramica di alcuni elementi che nel corso degli anni ho usato nelle mie miscele: alcune studiate, frutto di confronto con amici coltivatori o di letture di libri scritti da attendibili cactofili, altre incoscientemente (o criminalmente?) assemblate con lo scopo di testare il livello di sopportazione di questa o quella pianta. Lascio a un post specifico l’approfondimento dei substrati.

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La semina di cactus: dall’impollinazione al primo fiore, tra successi e fallimenti

Confesso: non ho le competenze né la voglia di costruirmi un germinatoio. Online si trovano istruzioni dettagliate e tutte le informazioni necessarie, ma non mi ci sono mai messo. Questo non vuol dire che non si possano ottenere buoni risultati anche con la semina tradizionale. Da oltre dieci anni, infatti, semino in primavera con luce e calore naturale, usando il classico “metodo del sacchetto”. Semino soprattutto cactacee e, sarò banale, ma confermo in pieno quello che vi possono dire tutti gli appassionati di cactus e succulente: è dalla semina che possiamo trarre le maggiori soddisfazioni se abbiamo questa “malattia” della coltivazione. Inoltre, è solo con la semina che si possono apprezzare le diverse fasi di sviluppo di una pianta, seguirne l’evoluzione dalla nascita alla fioritura (un piccolo-grande evento!), e ottenere esemplari in grado di adattarsi sin dall’inizio alle condizioni di vita che possiamo dare loro per il resto della vita.

Un altro aspetto per me fondamentale della semina è che in questo modo posso disporre di più esemplari della stessa specie e dello stesso genere, nati nelle stesse condizioni, sui quali testare diversi regimi di coltivazione. Insomma, si parte tutti, democraticamente, dallo stesso punto, poi si vede chi arriva e come arriva passando per terricci diversi, diverse esposizioni. Diverse pratiche di coltivazione, insomma. Ed è chiaro che dal momento che il punto di partenza, ossia il seme (che ovviamente deve provenire da uno stesso frutto), è comune, se le piante dopo qualche anno presentano significative differenze tra di loro, questo sarà in buona parte merito o colpa del diverso terriccio usato, della diversa esposizione, dei differenti regimi di irrigazione e fertilizzazione. E da questo, in via empirica, si potranno trarre insegnamenti utili.

Per la semina in germinatoio trovate un articolo specifico a questo link.

In questo articolo vediamo, passaggio per passaggio, come si prepara il terriccio per la semina dei cactus, come si procede, cosa si deve fare quando le piante nascono e quando è il momento di ripicchettare. (…)

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Come coltivare cactus e succulente e non ritrovarsi con “palloncini” gonfiati

Coltivazione naturale (o “wild”, secondo una felice definizione) significa anzitutto, per come la intendo io, rispettare le piante. In altre parole, non chiedere loro di essere quello che non sono – ad esempio “palloncini” verde smeraldo con spine sottili, da posizionare accanto al pc di casa – bensì assecondarne le esigenze tentando di garantire loro condizioni il più possibile simili a quelle di cui beneficiano in natura. 

Scopo di questa tecnica di coltivazione è quindi quello di ottenere esemplari di cactus e succulente (per quanto possibile) simili a quelli che si possono osservare nei luoghi d’origine come Messico, Sud degli Stati Uniti, Bolivia, Argentina, Cile, ecc. Non solo: molti coltivatori “wild” si spingono oltre e cercano di creare attorno alle piante anche un piccolo “landscape” naturale, andando a documentarsi sui materiali presenti negli areali di origine per trovarne di simili nei dintorni delle zone in cui vivono. Diciamo che questa è l’interpretazione più “radicale”, e forse anche la più corretta da un punto di vista “filologico”. Si cerca, in sostanza, di riprodurre l’habitat attraverso le tecniche di coltivazione ma anche attraverso i materiali, che si vogliono in linea con quanto è presente in natura, e l’ambientazione finale.

Leggi tutto “Come coltivare cactus e succulente e non ritrovarsi con “palloncini” gonfiati”

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