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Il fiore tra le spine

Tag: vegetazione

I cactus, la primavera che non arriva e la pioggia che non dà tregua: dobbiamo preoccuparci?

Una primavera che stenta ad affermarsi, temperature che oscillano in continuazione con giornate soleggiate e molto calde e giornate uggiose col termometro in picchiata. Soprattutto, pioggia fitta quasi tutti i giorni da almeno una settimana, quantomeno qui al Nord. Molti, tra noi, hanno già trasferito le loro cactacee e succulente all’esterno, o hanno tolto le protezioni invernali (tessuto non tessuto o teli trasparenti). In tanti si preoccupano, alcuni corrono ai ripari riportando le piante al coperto, altri sono indecisi sul da farsi… E’ davvero il caso di preoccuparsi per la combinazione tra basse temperature e pioggia insistente?

Ecco in questo articolo qualche riflessione e la risposta alla domanda che in tanti mi state ponendo in questi giorni, come sempre sulla base di quello che ho imparato in anni di coltivazione (…).

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Piante in vegetazione con fiori e spine: quando possiamo riprendere ad annaffiare?

Con l’allungarsi delle giornate in prossimità dell’arrivo della primavera, le cactacee escono dalla stasi e riprendono la vegetazione. Ce ne accorgiamo dalla produzione di nuove spine, anzitutto: è sufficiente osservare con attenzione l’apice delle piante per vedere i nuovi aculei spuntare dalle areole. I fusti possono ancora essere sgonfi a seguito dei mesi di asciutta invernale, ma le piante “sentono” l’arrivo della bella stagione – soprattutto dal lieve aumento delle temperature e dall’allungarsi del fotoperiodo – e, anche senza aver ricevuto acqua, escono dallo stato di dormienza. Moltissime cactacee, tra febbraio e marzo, danno il via alle fioriture. Tra i generi più precoci, i Turbinicarpus, gli Strombocactus, molte specie di Mammillaria, gli Ancistrocactus e gli Stenocactus, che in queste settimane si riempiono di boccioli. Le nuove spine sono invece evidenti in alcune specie di Echinocactus (soprattutto E. texensis ed E. parryi), Ferocactus e Neoporteria (=Eriosyce).

Attenzione, però: se la ripresa della vegetazione è evidente e le fioriture sono in molti casi già in corso, non è detto che si debba cominciare con le annaffiature. Molti coltivatori, infatti, sulla base di questi segnali sono indotti a pensare che sia il momento di riprendere ad irrigare le cactacee. Molto spesso questa “fretta” si rivela disastrosa, perché se è vero che le piante stanno tornando in vegetazione, è altrettanto vero che l’apparato radicale può non essere ancora attivo. In queste condizioni, bagnare il substrato quando le temperature non si sono ancora assestate e permangono minime notturne non superiori a 4-5 gradi può innescare il marciume. 

Vediamo allora quando è opportuno riprendere le irrigazioni e cosa fare in previsione dell’arrivo della primavera. (…)

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